Belajar Bahasa Inggris (Tenses/Tensis) - Past Future Perfect Tense

Past Future Perfect Tense mengikuti pola berikut:

Subject + would + have + verb3 + object + modifier

Contoh:

1.       Farmers in Jati Bali would have grown rice crops by the end of last month. (Petani-petani di Jati Bali akan telah bercocok tanam padi sebelum akhir bulan lalu).

2.       Some students would have conducted research on vegetative plant propagations for one year when the semester started last month. (Beberapa siswa akan telah melakukan penelitian pada perbanyakan tanaman vegetatif selama 1 tahun ketika semester berikutnya dimulai bulan lalu).

3.       Transpiration would have started to increase before we measured it at 9 a.m. yesterday. (Transpirasi akan telah mulai meningkat sebelum kita mengukurnya jam 9 pagi kemarin).

Penggunaan Past Future Perfect Tense

Past future perfect tense pada prinsipnya adalah pengungkapan kembali kejadian/aktivitas yang dinyatakan dengan future perfect tense, yang keterangan waktunya telah bergeser dari future time ke past time. Karena kedua tensis ini mirip, posting ini menggunakan konsep dan contoh-contoh kalimat pada future perfect tense. Perhatikan dan bandingkan perubahan predikat dan keterangan waktunya. Gunakan analogi pada past future tense jika masih bingung. Are you ready? Let’s get started.

Past Future Perfect Tense digunakan:

1. Untuk menyatakan kembali kejadian/aktivitas yang pernah diprediksi atau direncanakan akan sudah terjadi/sudah selesai dilakukan sebelum atau hingga batas waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Note: Pada umumnya, tensis ini diawali oleh clause yang mengandung makna prediksi, ekspektasi atau rencana. Verbs yang digunakan antara lain: think, hope, expect, plan, intend, assume, etc.

Contoh:

1.       I predicted that by 3 p.m. yesterday, I would have finished reading this book. (Saya berharap bahwa sebelum jam 3 sore kemarin, saya akan sudah selesai membaca buku ini).

2.       I thought Barcelona would have scored three goals when the first half was over. Because its opponent was tough, however, it didn’t score even a single goal. (Saya kira Barcelona akan telah cetak 3 goal ketika babak pertama berakhir. Namun karena lawannya tangguh, Barcelona bahkan tidak cetak goal sama sekali).

3.       Because of the terrible traffic we knew that dad’s plane would have already arrivedby the time we got to the airport yesterday.

4.       My dad planned that he would have been home when my mom gave birth last month. He didn’t make it though because he had an immigration documentation problem.

5.       I thought I would have already fallen asleep by the time Joni got home last night. I don’t know why I was still awake when he did.

Note: Jika pada future perfect tense, time clause dinyatakan dalam simple present tense, pada tensis ini dinyatakan dengan simple past tense. Misalnya: when the first half wasover (pada contoh 2), by the time we got to the airport (pada contoh 3), etc.

2. Untuk menyatakan kembali kegiatan/aktivitas yang pernah diprediksi atau direncanakan akan sudah terjadi/sudah selesai dilakukan sebelum kejadian/aktivitas yang lain di masa lampau. Note: Dalam kategori ini, kedua aktivitas dilakukan oleh subject yang sama. Coba bandingkan dengan past perfect tense kategori kedua!

Contoh:

1.       I assumed that John would have traveled around the world before he got married last year.

2.       She thought that she would have read the entire book before she went to campus yesterday afternoon.

3.       I predicted that I would already have had enough time to eat before I played badminton last night.

4.       They thought he would have already bought a gift before he went to his girlfriend’s birthday party last night.

5.       I once predicted that he would have had more than 50 wives before he died. I was wrong. He turned out to be a very loving husband long time before he died last week.

Note: already bisa ditempatkan setelah would atau setelah have.

3. Untuk menyatakan kembali bahwa kejadian/aktivitas akan terus terjadi/dilakukan sampai batas waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Contoh:

1.       I thought I would have been at school only for 6 hours yesterday. In fact, I had to wait for another hour because my dad’s car broke down on the way to the school.

2.       I was completely sure that on August 17, I would have lived in this house for 10 years sharp.

3.       I expected that I would have slept for 8 hours last night but I was awoken by my neighbor’s long big fight at 1 a.m. It was very loud and I couldn’t fall asleep till morning.

4.       It was predicted that when Mr. Dodi retired last month, he would have worked for this company for forty-five years.

5.       She never expected that she would have waited for her boyfriend for 2 hours last night.

4. Untuk membuat main clause unreal conditionals tipe 2, yaitu jika faktanya dalam past future tense atau simple past tense.

Contoh:

1.       If you had told me about the today’s exam, I would have studied hard last night. (Jika kamu kasi tahu saya bahwa akan ada ujian hari ini, saya akan telah belajar keras tadi malam).

2.       If you had not passed the English I, you would not have been allowed to take the English II. (Jika kamu belum lulus bahasa Inggris I, kamu tidak akan diijinkan untuk mengambil matakulian bahasa Inggris II ini).

3.       He wouldn’t have got an accident, if he had not driven fast. (Dia tidak akan telah mengalami kecelakaan, jika dia tidak ngebut).

4.       If my parents hadn’t got divorced, I would’ve been much happier. (Jika orang tua saya tidak bercerai, saya akan jauh lebih bahagia).

5.       If I hadn’t got a scholarship, I wouldn’t have been able to afford the school expenses. (Jika saya tidak dapat beasiswa, saya tidak akan mampu membayar biaya-biaya sekolah).

Negative Form

Bentuk negatif Past Future Perfect Tense mengikuti pola berikut:

Subject + would + not + have + verb3 + object + modifier

Contoh:

1.       Because of its thickness, I knew that I would not have finished reading it by 3 p.m. yesterday.

2.       I never thought that Barcelona wouldn’t have scored even a single goal when the first half was over.

3.       We expected that dad’s plane wouldn’t have arrived yet by the time we got to the air port yesterday. But we were late because the traffic was so terrible.

4.       Because of an immigration documentation problem, my dad knew that he wouldn’t have been home when my mom gave birth last month.

5.       I hoped that when Joni arrived home last night, I would not have fallen asleep yet.

6.       I assumed that John wouldn’t have traveled around the world before he got married last year.

7.       She thought that she wouldn’t have read the entire book before she went to campus yesterday afternoon.

8.      I predicted that I wouldn’t have had enough time to eat before I played badminton last night.

9.       They thought he wouldn’t have bought a gift before he went to his girlfriend’s birthday party last night.

10.   I once predicted that he wouldn’t have had more than 50 wives before he died.

11.    I thought I wouldn’t have been at school for 7 hours yesterday.

12.    I was completely sure that on August 17, I wouldn’t have lived in this house for 10 years yet.

13.    I expected that I wouldn’t have slept for 4 hours last night.

14.    It was predicted that when Mr. Dodi retired last month, he wouldn’t have worked for this company for fifty years.

15.    She expected that she wouldn’t have waited for her boyfriend for 2 hours last night.

Yes/No Questions

Yes/No Questions untuk Past Future Perfect Tense adalah sebagai berikut:

Would + subject + have + verb3 + object + modifier?

Contoh:

1.       If I had told you about the today’s exam, would you have studied hard last night? (Jika saya telah beri tahu kamu bahwa ada ujian hari ini, apakah kamu akan telah belajar keras tadi malam?)

2.       Would you have been allowed to take the English II if you had not passed the English I?

3.       Would he have got an accident if he had not driven fast?

4.       If your parents hadn’t got divorced, would you have been much happier?

5.       If you hadn’t got a scholarship, would you have been able to afford the school expenses?

6.       Would you have finished reading this book by 3 p.m. yesterday if it were thinner?

7.       Would Barcelona have scored three goals when the first half was over if its opponent had been Indonesian team?

8.      If the traffic hadn’t been terrible, would dad’s plane have arrived after you got to the airport?

9.       Would he have been home when your mom gave birth last month if he hadn’t had an immigration documentation problem?

10.   Would you have fallen asleep by the time Joni got home last night if you had taken a sleeping pill? Dan seterusnya.

Note: Kalimat tanya dari tensis ini pada umumnya berupa conditional sentence seperti terlihat pada contoh-contoh di atas. Sekarang, coba bandingkan dengan cara berikut:

1.       Did you assume that John would have traveled around the world before he got married last year?

2.       Did you predict that she would have read the entire book before she went to campus yesterday afternoon?

3.       Did I predict that I wouldn’t have had enough time to eat before I played badminton last night?

4.       Did they think that he would have bought a gift before he went to his girlfriend’s birthday party last night?

5.       Did you predict that he would have had more than 50 wives before he died?