Pengungkapan suatu kejadian/aktivitas
atau fakta baik melalui tulisan (writing) maupun percakapan (speaking) pada
umumnya mengikuti pola sebagai berikut:
Subject
+ Verb/Predicate + Object + Modifier
|
Dalam bahasa Inggris, pengungkapan kejadian/aktivitas
atau fakta tersebut selalu berpatokan pada tensis. Dengan tensis, pembaca atau
pendengar akan mengetahui kapan kejadian/aktivitas atau fakta tersebut terjadi;
Apakah sedang berlangsung pada saat sekarang (present continuous tense), apakah
terjadi di masa lampau (past tense), apakah sedang berlangsung di masa lampau
(past continuous tense), apakah akan terjadi di masa yang akan datang (future
tense), dan seterusnya.
Ada 16 tensis dalam bahasa Inggris,
yaitu:
1. Simple present tense
2. Present continuous tense
3. Simple past tense
4. Past continuous tense
5. Present perfect tense
6. Present perfect continuous tense
7. Past perfect tense
8. Past perfect continuous tense
9. Simple future tense
10. Future continuous tense
11. Future perfect tense
12. Future perfect continuous tense
13. Past future tense
14. Past future continuous tense
15. Past future perfect tense
16. Past future perfect continuous tense
Pada tabel di bawah secara
berturut-turut diberikan contoh untuk tiap-tiap tensis. Perhatikan perubahan
verb atau verb phrase seiring dengan berubahnya keterangan waktu.
Subject
|
Verb/Predicate
|
Object
|
Modifier
|
|
1
|
We
|
study
|
English
|
everyday.
|
2
|
We
|
are studying
|
English
|
now.
|
3
|
We
|
studied
|
English
|
last night.
|
4
|
We
|
were studying
|
English
|
when she came last night.
|
5
|
We
|
have studied
|
English
|
for 3 hours.
|
6
|
We
|
have been studying
|
English
|
for 3 hours.
|
7
|
We
|
had studied
|
English
|
for 3 hours when she came last
night.
|
8
|
We
|
had been studying
|
English
|
for 3 hours when she came last
night.
|
9
|
We
|
will study
|
English
|
tomorrow.
|
10
|
We
|
will be studying
|
English
|
when she comes tomorrow.
|
11
|
We
|
will have studied
|
English
|
for 3 hours when she comes
tomorrow.
|
12
|
We
|
will have been studying
|
English
|
for 3 hours when she comes
tomorrow.
|
13
|
We
|
would study
|
English
|
when she came last night.
|
14
|
We
|
would be studying
|
English
|
when she came last night.
|
15
|
We
|
would have studied
|
English
|
for 3 hours when she came last
night.
|
16
|
We
|
would have been studying
|
English
|
for 3 hours when she came last
night.
|
Note: Khusus untuk contoh
5&6, 7&8, 11&12, dan 15&16 keterangan waktunya sama. Kenapa?
Mari kita bahas tiap tensis satu per satu.
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